Resumen:
The present work aims to do a hermeneutics of the book of Job from the perspective of Paulo Freire's pedagogy of liberation. Based on this premise, the object of the research is the book of Job. Despite the possibility that this book has undergone several reinterpretations during Israel's history, it had one of its main reworkings during the period of Persian domination. This period was one of the most severe that the Jewish people lived, due to the increased exploitation and use of ideologies through political and religious bias, which led to the impoverishment of the population, diseases, premature deaths, slavery, increasing the people's suffering. This context and the literary form in which the book was produced become rich scenarios into which to take Freire's thinking. To achieve the objective of this research, some specific objectives were outlined: Research on liberating pedagogy, its historical and proposed development; Make a survey of the state of research of the book of Job, analyzing points such as: date and place, literary genre, theologies, the different approaches to the question of the existence of evil, among others; and Interpret the book of Job from the perspective of liberating pedagogy in Latin America. All the work was done thinking about answering the following problem: How can the book of Job be interpreted theologically / pedagogically through liberating pedagogy? In other words, how does this process take place? What can be seen in the book of Job through Freire's lenses? The research done to answer this question was mainly qualitative and bibliographic. Bibliographic because it used bibliographies of Paulo Freire's works and life, bibliographies that deepened the discussion on liberating pedagogy, liberation theology, hermeneutics, the book of Job, among others. As the work with the interpretation of biblical texts also took place, the research used an exegesis method, so it used the propositions of the historical-critical instrumental. With this method it was possible to investigate the stages that the book of Job went through in the history of Israel and with this information, understand who was the community and the author behind the text, the intentions, theological, ideological, social, pedagogical conflicts , among others. The research will also work with the idea that, due to the plurality of its readers, the “sense” of the text is plural, since in reading one always takes something from the interpreting subject, thus, all reading is perspective. Thus, this work read the book of Job from the perspective of liberating pedagogy with Paulo Freire's proposal as a liberating paradigm. To approach the book from the perspective of this pedagogy, it was important to work on some categories of Freire that could be worked on in the book, such as: humanization, intransitive awareness, naive-transitive, transitive-critical, “banking” education, dialogue, generating themes, pedagogy of question, indignation, adaptation, among others. This whole basis made possible the hermeneutics carried out in the fourth chapter, where first the narrative part of the book was worked on and then its poetic part. This research work ends with presenting the conclusions, reflecting on the discoveries, thinking about the current Brazil, indicating points for future research and the importance of continuing to research on Job and the liberating pedagogy.
