Educação sexual de adolescentes na escola pública: matizes culturais, religiosos e pedagógicos para a sua sistematização

Abstract

The dissertation at hand deals with sexual education of adolescents in high-school in the state public network of the city of Parnaíba-PI, based on a theoretical referential which emphasized a synopsis of the history of sexuality under the sociocultural focus, gender studies, Freudian psychoanalysis, feminist theologies, the current national curricular parameters, the formation of the adolescent self-concept, having as support well known theoreticians, such as, Foucault, Badinter, Scott, Freud, Gebara, among others. In the chapter dedicated to the history of sexuality it was possible to comprehend the theme within a perspective of cultural relativism, which goes contrary to a static and universal perspective of sexuality. The section directed at gender studies presents an evolution of the concepts having as parameter the beginnings of feminism to deal with the comprehension that masculinity and femininity are built throughout life and upon sociocultural relations. The current national curricular parameters deal with sexuality and the issues of gender as transversal themes which, therefore, cross through all the areas of the curriculum of the school. The formation of the adolescent self-concept is configured as an attempt to present adolescents as having capacity to construct their intellectual and affective autonomy, according to Jean-Piaget, Vygotsky and Erik Erikson. The investigation made use of semi-structured and open questionnaires for collecting data, revealing itself as quali-quantitative. Having finished the diagnosis of the sexual education of the adolescents, some sexist stereotypes were confirmed, as well as the presence of concepts and experiences still tied to the patriarchal and excluding vision in the discourses of the students in the school, in the family and in the churches. We ended with some theoretical-methodological indications for the sexual educators aiming at making a contextualized approach to sexuality and gender possible in school education.