Hermenêuticas filosófica e tradicional: um modelo integrador

Abstract

Hermeneutics is one of the most important areas of knowledge, not only for theological studies, but for other areas, as it is interdisciplinary. Research in the field of hermeneutics shows that it always had two faces. One traditionally considered for being the one that uses methodological elements to extract the "text truth", highlighting the importance of the rules of linguistics, philology, history, philosophy and others, in order to seek the original meaning that the author intended to insert in the text. More recently, the existential face of hermeneutics gained evidence, when the Academy started to consider aspects of understanding and interpretation in the constitution of Being, having Heidegger and Gadamer as its main exponents. The consideration of this existential face brought a tension with regard to the methodological aspects, as it presented, in its wake, a relativistic perspective that made modern thought which required a reference point uncomfortable. This tension was felt in the different areas of knowledge: Theology, Law, Philosophy, Education, Psychology, Literary Criticism referring only to a few areas mentioned in the research. Thus, elaborating an integrative model between these two hermeneutic sides is an interdisciplinary work, since, from the understanding of its existential character, hermeneutics became a process incorporated into life. In this integrative model, the research presents Aesthetics as a guiding element of the existential face, although a non-methodological criterion, which is the one suitable when understanding the existential nature of this hermeneutic face. The research also shows how the integrator model behaves in various situations that currently face difficulties in being resolved, compared to the tools currently available at Academia. It should be noted that it does not mean that this existential perspective only appeared recently, but that we only recently obtained an understanding of this perspective in the hermeneutic composition, so it is important to verify how interpreters deal with this existential face, after all, in an existentialist view, the Hermeneutics is not only what it is, it is also what it was.