No limiar da linguagem a consciência religiosa e o (re)fazer teológico em Friedrich Schleiermacher

Abstract

From the interrelation existing in the thought of Schleiermacher between the forms of which he deals with language, consciousness and religion, the intent of this research is to show such reflections as presuppositions for the development of a notion of theological reflection as a process of doing and redoing theology, conscious of its double historicity, inside a wider context and a more specific one. For this, the intent is to trail a road that allows a possible reconstruction of key moments of his reflection that will culminate in his magnum opus “Der christliche Glaube” (“The Christian Faith”). The first moment analyzed ranges from before his birth to c. 1796, before his going to Berlin, and focuses three great influences on his thought, respectfully, Pietism and the philosophers Immanuel Kant and Baruch de Espinosa, besides the legacy of this last one raised in the XVIIIth century. The second moment consists in an analysis of the structuration of his thought, first brought to public under his work “Über die Religion” (“On Religion”). On this one, he puts forth much that has been in construction in the preceding years, in special from his dialogue with the three influences before mentioned, in the intent of presenting that which he understands as the essence of religion, whose main characteristic is the precedence of experience over any conceptualization. Still on this second moment, also the structuration of his notion of the dialogical construction of knowing will be examined, from his lectures in the University of Berlin, constructing his philosophical fundament called Dialectic. This is a moment where the dialogue with Kant and Espinosa (besides the pietistic background) can be explicitly seen, and where he presents his interpretation of knowledge as a process of individual and community dialogical construction of knowing from the conscientization of the relation between being and thinking, the organic and the intellectual. The last point worked in this research is the form with which Schleiermacher develops his theological reflection, from the structuration of what is the theological study as a doubly historical process, according to the presentation on his “Kurze Darstellung” (“Brief Outline”), and from where his own theological redoing can be defined, as exposed in his “Der christliche Glaube”, but specially focusing the Introduction of this one, where he explicitly relates with his preceding reflection with the establishment of some hermeneutical keys with which he will develop his doctrinal work, for example the immediate self-consciousness and the contextual historicity of language.