O desenvolvimento da consciência moral pelo cuidado: uma nova hermenêutica para o discernimento de dilemas e conflitos éticos

Abstract

In this research, with a bibliographic review, the objective is to present a multidisciplinary understanding of the development of moral conscience, observing its religious structure, in addition to the intrinsic point that activates its continuous development, Care. We will seek to understand the basic and essential driving dynamics of the person to evolution, as well as their levels and stages of development in connection with the subjective dimension in their contextual realities through a vision of freedom and autonomy, and through a relationship unconcerned about the pressures of domination that block a free decision by the self, which generates, in effect, unhappiness and guilt. In this context, starting from a transcendental hermeneutics, the understanding of development is amplified by an integrating vision of being a person as an emotion assumed by the practice of perceiving to be presence. Thus, through this perception of being presence, it will be analyzed how the observation and acceptance of the manifestation of an existential, essential and universal ethics, applicable to the discernment and resolution of conflicts in all human categories, will take place having as the goal one’s own Good as well as the good of the other. The structuring references used in this investigation are as follows: Martin Heidegger (2014), Leonardo Boff (1999a; 1999b; 2001; 2003; 2008; 2009), Michel Foucault (1993; 2008; 2010a; 2010b; 2014), Lawrence Kohlberg, F Clark Power and Ann Higgins (2008), Carol Gilligan (1982), Bernhard Háering (1979), among others.