http://dspace.est.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/BR-SlFE/19 Teses, Dissertações e outros produções acadêmicas da Programa de Pós-Graduação (PPG) 2026-05-07T22:41:21Z http://dspace.est.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/BR-SlFE/1245 A apologética encarnacional como meio de defesa da fé cristã na contemporaneidade Amidst the current developments concerning Postmodernity, which demand a maximum commitment to religious tolerance, respect for others, and freedom of belief, this research was conducted through theoretical and bibliographical analyses to develop a new way of defending the Christian faith. The primary objective is to carry out apologetics without promoting chasms between human beings, but rather bridges. To this end, historical, philosophical, anthropological, and social observations were conducted to understand the Postmodern imaginary with the aim of constructing an apologetics capable of breaking with the traditional rationalist bias and the current sentimentalist path. The challenge of this current work was to present a new proposal in connection with contemporary times, but without abandoning the ultimate beliefs and commitments regarding the elementary doctrines of Christianity. Thus, incarnational apologetics emerges focused on the public and daily acts that are manifested in Christian existence. Thus, this research provides an applicational methodology, cultural understanding, a dialogue between the Bible, Philosophy, and Culture, and sapiential, practical, and volitional tools for a defense of the Christocentric faith. Furthermore, the work also relies on a biblical-theological foundation capable of bringing doctrinal substantiation to the thesis. It is understood that the act of apologetics is no less effective when dissociated from the need some have to demonize or dehumanize others. Incarnational apologetics, above all, is a defense of God's love for human beings through habits and practices that serve as a faithful witness to God within the world. 352 p. ; il. 2025-08-15T00:00:00Z http://dspace.est.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/BR-SlFE/1244 (In)visibilidade dos corpos: racismo, branquitude e relações interétnicas nas comunidades da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana No Brasil (IECLB) This thesis addresses the (in)visibility of black people within the communities of the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil (IECLB). To this end, racism associated with whiteness will be presented as determining factors for the invisibility of black people. In this sense, racism and whiteness are intertwined in the colonizing process that invaded territories located in Africa and America and promoted the enslavement of their peoples. During the colonization process, white people took upon themselves the mission of civilizing other peoples because white people believed that they were the representatives of progress and black people everything that was considered backward, imperfect and demonic. Thus, when the Brazilian government was forced by England to put an end to the enslavement of black people, it recruited white people from Europe to colonize areas considered empty and replace the labor of enslaved black people. Among these immigrants were people of Lutheran faith who were settled in colonies in the South and Southeast of the country. Thus, the first Lutheran communities in Brazil enjoyed the benefits of whiteness, such as receiving assistance to build churches and hire pastors. The first Lutheran communities were veritable ghettos, and it was only in the 1970s that thecommunities began to open up to the Brazilian reality. To prepare this thesis, ten black people were interviewed who reported their experiences of being black and Lutheran. They claim to notice the looks that indicate that they do not belong in that space. Therefore, they perceive covert racism and believe that the absence of the topic of racism in sermons and training, associated with the absence of black people in the higher echelons of the IECLB, generates their invisibility. In view of this reality, some assumptions of Black Theology will be presented as possible ways for the Church to decolonize its theological work and provide communities with resources to carry out the anti-racist struggle through biblical studies, lectures, and training, and to denounce racism as a sin and a crime. Ultimately, being a church in a multiethnic country requires a strong denunciation of racism, detachment from white privilege, and making visible black people who have been invisible for centuries. 196 p. 2025-02-26T00:00:00Z http://dspace.est.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/BR-SlFE/1243 Apologética da compreensão de Deus conforme escolas de pensamento da patrística The objective of the present thesis is to verify how apologetics of the comprehension of God was done according to Patristic schools of thought. Ten writings are studied from, in total six writers of Ante-Nicene Patristics. In the introduction, the work’s origin, its structure and motivation, the thesis to be defended and the general and specific objectives are delineated. Chapter 2 defines the term “apologetics” by consulting theological dictionaries and encyclopedias, and analyzes the apologetical praxis in Patristics by accessing four works considered pioneers in their respective areas: Aristides of Athens’ “Apology”, in its ethnographical aspect, Justin Martyr’s “Dialog with Trypho”, as a dialog, Athenagoras of Athens’ “About the Resurrection”, in its anthropological aspect, and the surviving fragments of Hegesippus’ “Memories”. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the apologetics of the comprehension of God according to the Smyrnaean school, recurring to three works by Irenaeus of Lyons: the first and second volumes of the series “Against Heresies” and the “Demonstration of Apostolic Preaching”. Chapter 4 verifies how the apologetics of the comprehension of God was done in the Ante-Nicene Alexandrian school from the three first subsections of Clement of Alexandria’s “Protreptic”. The conclusion attests the veracity of the proposed thesis – this is, that in the Smyrnaean and Ante-Nicene Alexandrian Schools of thought, the apologetics of the comprehension of God was done by critical analysis of all the sacred traditions involved, be it scriptural or otherwise transmitted, within their own traditions of interpretation, be it exegesis or any other interpretation, and considering all liturgies involved as a vehicle of presentation and/or representation of the comprehension of God and mediators of the divinities referred towards humanity. Furthermore, the conclusion compares the findings derived from the investigation of the four works in Chapter 2 with the six works of Chapters 3 and 4, as well as the works of Irenaeus of Lyons and Clement of Alexandria. 317 p. 2025-08-18T00:00:00Z http://dspace.est.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/BR-SlFE/1242 Cultura de paz e educação: uma abordagem prática para a transformação social This master's thesis, entitled "Education for a Culture of Peace: A Practical Approach to Social Transformation," analyzes urgent issues in the Brazilian educational landscape, marked by high rates of school violence, social inequalities, and multiple forms of intolerance. In a context where peace building becomes essential for educational and social transformation, the educational context faces challenges such as exclusion, prejudice, and difficulties in promoting peaceful and inclusive coexistence. Data from the Ministry of Human Rights indicate a 254% increase in cases of school violence between 2013 and 2023, rising from 3,700 to 13,100 occurrences, including 2,200 cases of self-inflicted violence, which highlights the seriousness and complexity of the problems experienced by the school community in Brazil. The study aims to investigate strategies that integrate pedagogical practices and theological principles to strengthen the culture of nonviolence in the educational environment, promoting inclusion, respect for diversity, and commitment to social justice. This is a qualitative research study of a bibliographical nature and case study, conducted through publications and records existing on websites and blogs, using academic document analysis and dialogue wit teachers/managers of peacemaking training practices. It collected existing data applied in projects such as the "Out of the Box Collective" and recorded data, using content analysis techniques to process the information. It adopts an interdisciplinary perspective that articulates education, theology, and peace studies, examining how values such as compassion, justice, and reconciliation can be incorporated into pedagogical practices that respect religious diversity and the secular nature of the State. It is based on the contributions of Johan Galtung, Paulo Freire, Edgar Morin, Maria Montessori, Leonardo Boff, and Nei Alberto Salles Filho, whose approaches dialogue to propose innovative solutions to school violence. The research is justified by the urgent need to develop concrete alternatives for promoting more inclusive and transformative school environments. The results offer theoretical and practical support for strengthening teacher training, guiding effective educational policies, and consolidating pedagogical practices that promote universal ethical values, reaffirming the relevance of education for peace in the contemporary Brazilian context. 156 p. ; il. 2025-08-11T00:00:00Z